Protease Activated Receptor (PAR)
Thrombin receptors
Protease activated receptors (PARs) are a family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are irreversibly activated by proteolytic cleavage of the N terminus, which unmasks a tethered peptide ligand that binds and activates the transmembrane receptor domain, eliciting a cellular cascade in response to inflammatory signals and other stimuli. There are four members of the PAR family: PAR1, PAR2, PAR3 and PAR4. PARs have important functions in the vasculature, inflammation, and cancer and are important drug targets.
PARs are expressed on nearly all cell types in the blood vessel wall (ECs, fibroblasts, myocytes) and blood (platelets, neutrophils, macrophages, leukemic white cells) with exception of red blood cells. Thrombin-activated PAR-1, PAR-3, and PAR-4 are also expressed in epithelium, neurons, astrocytes, and immune cells. PAR-2, which is activated by trypsin-like serine proteases, is found in human vascular, intestinal, neuronal, and airway cells. Its expression increases in injured tissues or after stimulation by inflammatory mediators.
Protease Activated Receptor (PAR) Isoform Specific Products
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Protease Activated Receptor (PAR) Inhibitors
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Protease Activated Receptor (PAR) Agonists
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Protease Activated Receptor (PAR) Antagonists
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Protease Activated Receptor (PAR) Activators
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Protease Activated Receptor (PAR) Controls
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Protease Activated Receptor (PAR) Substrates
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Protease-activated Receptor Proteins
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Protease Activated Receptor (PAR) Related Products (141)
Related Products (141)
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Recombinant Proteins (4)
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Protease Activated Receptor (PAR) Isoform Comparison
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Parstatin(mouse)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P1261CAS No.: 1065756-01-5Parstatin(mouse), a cell-penetrating PAR-1 thrombin receptor agonist peptide, is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis.
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PAR3 (1-6) (human)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P2380CAS No.: 320347-28-2Synonyms: TFRGAPPAR3 (1-6) is a synthetic peptide agonist of proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) that corresponds to residues 1-6 of the amino terminal tethered ligand sequence of human PAR3 and residues 39-44 of the full-length human sequence. PAR3 (1-6) activates p42/44 MAPK signaling in fibroblasts expressing PAR1, but not PAR3, an effect that can be blocked by the PAR1 antagonist RWJ 56110.
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Ala-parafluoroPhe-Arg-Cha-Cit-Tyr-NH2
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P5372CAS No.: 211190-38-4Ala-parafluoroPhe-Arg-Cha-Cit-Tyr-NH2, a bioactive peptide, is a selective Protease activating receptor 1 (PAR-1) agonist over PAR-2. PAR-1 belongs to a subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors and is known to mediate the cellular effects of thrombin. In addition to its varied cellular effects of thrombin, PAR-1 has also been shown to coordinate with PAR-4 and regulate thrombin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma harboring thrombin formation within the tumor environment classified as 'coagulation type'.
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Gestodene-d6
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B0110SCAS No.: 1542211-40-4Synonyms: SHB 331-d6; WL 70-d6Gestodene-d6 (SHB 331-d6; WL 70-d6) is the deuterated-labeled Gestodene (HY-B0110). Gestodene is an orally active synthetic progestogen compound of the 19-nortestosterone class. Gestodene binds with high affinity to the progesterone receptor, inhibits 5α-reductase, binds to androgen and aldosterone receptors, and inactivates CYP3A. Gestodene acts as a positive allosteric modulator of PAR1, enhances PAR1-mediated signaling pathways, and is capable of increasing the activation potency of PAR1-AP toward PAR1, thereby promoting ERK1/2 phosphorylation, receptor internalization, cell morphological changes, and human platelet aggregation. Gestodene and its A-ring reduced metabolites promote the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of neonatal rat osteoblasts. Gestodene itself has no binding capacity for estrogen receptors, and this osteogenic activity depends on intracellular metabolism to generate A-ring reduced products with estrogen-like agonistic activity. Gestodene is useful for research on diseases related to progesterone secretion and diseases related to thrombosis.
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PAR-2 antagonist 1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-162762CAS No.: 3119609-65-0PAR-2 antagonist 1 (Compound 9a) is a protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.9 μM. PAR-2 antagonist 1 can effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells.
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PAR4 antagonist 3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-162408CAS No.: 3057206-40-0PAR4 antagonist 3 (Compound 36) is a selective antagonist for protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4). PAR4 antagonist 3 exhibits antiplatelet efficacy with IC50 of 26.1 nM. PAR4 antagonist 3 improves metabolic stablility in human liver microsomes with T1/2 of 97.6 min.
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RWJ-56110
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-108556CAS No.: 252889-88-6RWJ-56110 is a potent, selective, peptide-mimetic inhibitor of PAR-1 activation and internalization (binding IC50=0.44 uM) and shows no effect on PAR-2, PAR-3, or PAR-4. RWJ-56110 inhibits the aggregation of human platelets induced by both SFLLRN-NH2 (IC50=0.16 μM) and thrombin (IC50=0.34 μM), quite selective relative to U46619 (HY-108566). RWJ-56110 inhibits angiogenesis and blocks the formation of new vessels in vivo. RWJ-56110 induces cell apoptosis.
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Q94 hydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-108554CAS No.: 1052076-77-3Q94 hydrochloride, a selective PAR1 antagonist (IC50=916 nM), can selectively block PAR1/Gαq interaction and signalling. Q94 hydrochloride blocks PAR1-mediated increases in both CCL2 mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Q94 hydrochloride also completely blocks thrombin-induced ERK1/2 and MLC phosphorylation.
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Vorapaxar sulfate (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-10119ARCAS No.: 705260-08-8Synonyms: SCH 530348 sulfate (Standard)Vorapaxar (sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vorapaxar (sulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vorapaxar sulfate (SCH 530348 sulfate), an antiplatelet agent, is a selective, orally active, and competitive thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor (PAR-1) antagonist (Ki=8.1 nM). Vorapaxar sulfate inhibits thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP)-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner.
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Protease-Activated Receptor-1 antagonist 2
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-143314CAS No.: 1454588-34-1Protease-Activated Receptor-1 antagonist 2 is an orally active protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) antagonist, with an IC50 value of 7 nM. Protease-Activated Receptor-1 antagonist 2 has favorable pharmacokinetic properties which is useful in the research of cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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SFNGGP-NH2
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P5357CAS No.: 261521-21-5SFNGGP-NH2 is a biological active peptide. (PAR-3 is a high-affinity thrombin receptor. PAR-3 mRNA is expressed in the cutaneous mast cells of humans. Protease-Activated Receptors (PARs) have been studied for their roles in itch and their itch-associated response through histamine-dependent/independent pathways have been reported. PAR-3 has been shown not to induce itching alone but possibly in conjunction with PAR-4. Co-expression of PAR-3 and PAR-4 enhances thrombin action suggesting that PAR-3 alone does not mediate transmembrane signaling but instead functions as a cofactor to activate PAR-4.)
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2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-amide TFA
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P1314ACAS No.: 2468029-34-52-Furoyl-LIGRLO-amide TFA is a potent and selective proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) agonist with a pD2 value of 7.0..
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VKGILS-NH2 TFA
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P1310ACAS No.: 2828432-41-1VKGILS-NH2 TFA is a reversed amino acid sequence control peptide for SLIGKV-NH2 (protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) agonist). VKGILS-NH2 TFA has no effect on DNA synthesis in cells.
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Apoptosis inducer 28
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-169124Apoptosis Inducer 28 (Compound X1) is an apoptosis-inducing agent with anticancer activity in vitro. Apoptosis Inducer 28 can arrest the cell cycle at the G1 phase, promote cell death, and induce apoptosis by disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential. Apoptosis inducer 28 can also decrease the production of reactive oxygen species, downregulate the gene expression of BAX, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2, while upregulating the gene expression of PAR-4.
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BAY-386
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-120544CAS No.: 1256941-06-6BAY-386, a chemical probe, is a PAR-1 antagonist that inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory factors MCP-1 and CXCL1 in HUVEC.
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ENMD-1068 hydrobromide
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-122049CAS No.: 644961-61-5ENMD-1068 hydrobromide is a potent PAR2 antagonist. ENMD-1068 hydrobromide attenuates joint inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. ENMD-1068 hydrobromide can be used in research of joint inflammation.
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P4pal10
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P5875CAS No.: 1021346-05-3P4pal10 is an antagonist for protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4). P4pal10 inhibits the platelet aggregation, inhibits tissue factor (TF)-induced thrombin generation, and exhibits anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities. P4pal10 reduces the oedema and the granulocyte infiltration induced by Carrageenan (HY-125474). P4pal10 ameliorates the injury in mice myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models.
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UDM-001651
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-128345CAS No.: 1477497-01-0UDM-001651 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) antagonist (IC50=4 nM; Kd=1.4 nM). UDM-001651 shows antiplatelet potency (IC50=25 nM) in a γ-thrombin-induced platelet-rich plasma aggregation assay (γ-Thr PRP).
